Learn some grammar terms and what you can expect in a German classroom
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Chuck: Chuck here, Upper-Beginner Season 2 Lesson 21 - Understanding German grammar. |
| Judith: Hi, my name is Judith and I`m joined here by Chuck. |
| Chuck: Hello everyone and welcome back to GermanPod101.com. |
| Judith: What are we learning today? |
| Chuck: In this lesson you`ll learn how to understand German grammar when it’s explained in German. |
| Judith: This conversation takes place in class, several days after the picnic. |
| Chuck: The conversation is between [Frau Weber], Paul, Sarah and Chuck. |
| Judith: The speakers are in class, therefore they’ll be speaking formal German. |
| Chuck: Let`s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Frau Weber: Heute wollen wir über den Satzbau sprechen. Wie sieht ein deutscher Satz aus? Paul? |
| Paul: Also, am Anfang steht das Subjekt... |
| Sarah: Nicht unbedingt. Es ist auch möglich, dass etwas anderes am Anfang steht, zum Beispiel ein Adverb oder sogar das Objekt. |
| Frau Weber: Das ist wahr. Und was folgt dann? |
| Paul: Das Verb. |
| Frau Weber: Genau. Aber was ist, wenn das Verb trennbar ist? |
| Chuck: Dann steht der Verbstamm an der zweiten Stelle im Satz, und die Vorsilbe steht ganz am Ende. |
| Frau Weber: Der Verbstamm? So etwas wie "geh" von "ich gehe aus"? |
| Chuck: Nein, natürlich nicht. Die Endung bleibt so, wie sie ist. Nur die Vorsilbe bewegt sich. |
| Frau Weber: Kannst du uns bitte ein Beispiel geben? |
| Chuck: Ja, zum Beispiel "Ich gehe heute Abend aus". |
| Frau Weber: Gut! |
| Paul: Kann man auch "Ich gehe heute Abend aus mit Sarah" sagen? |
| Sarah: Nein, das ist falsch. Die Vorsilbe muss ganz am Ende stehen. |
| Frau Weber: Sehr gut, Sarah! |
| Judith: Now it`s slowly. |
| Frau Weber: Heute wollen wir über den Satzbau sprechen. Wie sieht ein deutscher Satz aus? Paul? |
| Paul: Also, am Anfang steht das Subjekt... |
| Sarah: Nicht unbedingt. Es ist auch möglich, dass etwas anderes am Anfang steht, zum Beispiel ein Adverb oder sogar das Objekt. |
| Frau Weber: Das ist wahr. Und was folgt dann? |
| Paul: Das Verb. |
| Frau Weber: Genau. Aber was ist, wenn das Verb trennbar ist? |
| Chuck: Dann steht der Verbstamm an der zweiten Stelle im Satz, und die Vorsilbe steht ganz am Ende. |
| Frau Weber: Der Verbstamm? So etwas wie "geh" von "ich gehe aus"? |
| Chuck: Nein, natürlich nicht. Die Endung bleibt so, wie sie ist. Nur die Vorsilbe bewegt sich. |
| Frau Weber: Kannst du uns bitte ein Beispiel geben? |
| Chuck: Ja, zum Beispiel "Ich gehe heute Abend aus". |
| Frau Weber: Gut! |
| Paul: Kann man auch "Ich gehe heute Abend aus mit Sarah" sagen? |
| Sarah: Nein, das ist falsch. Die Vorsilbe muss ganz am Ende stehen. |
| Frau Weber: Sehr gut, Sarah! |
| Judith: Now with the translation. |
| Frau Weber: Heute wollen wir über den Satzbau sprechen. Wie sieht ein deutscher Satz aus? Paul? |
| Frau Weber: Today we shall talk about the sentence structure. What does a German sentence look like? Paul? |
| Paul: Also, am Anfang steht das Subjekt... |
| Paul: Well, the subject is at the beginning… |
| Sarah: Nicht unbedingt. Es ist auch möglich, dass etwas anderes am Anfang steht, zum Beispiel ein Adverb oder sogar das Objekt. |
| Sarah: Not necessarily. It's also possible that something else is at the beginning, for example an adverb or even an object. |
| Frau Weber: Das ist wahr. Und was folgt dann? |
| Frau Weber: That is true. And what follows then? |
| Paul: Das Verb. |
| Paul: The verb. |
| Frau Weber: Genau. Aber was ist, wenn das Verb trennbar ist? |
| Frau Weber: Exactly. But what happens if the verb is separable? |
| Chuck: Dann steht der Verbstamm an der zweiten Stelle im Satz, und die Vorsilbe steht ganz am Ende. |
| Chuck: Then the verb root is in the second position in the sentence, and the prefix is at the end. |
| Frau Weber: Der Verbstamm? So etwas wie "geh" von "ich gehe aus"? |
| Frau Weber: The verb root? Something like "geh" from "ich gehe aus"? |
| Chuck: Nein, natürlich nicht. Die Endung bleibt so, wie sie ist. Nur die Vorsilbe bewegt sich. |
| Chuck: No, of course not. The ending stays like it is. Only the prefix moves. |
| Frau Weber: Kannst du uns bitte ein Beispiel geben? |
| Frau Weber: Can you please give us an example? |
| Chuck: Ja, zum Beispiel "Ich gehe heute Abend aus". |
| Chuck: Yes, for example "Ich gehe heute Abend aus". |
| Frau Weber: Gut! |
| Frau Weber: Good! |
| Paul: Kann man auch "Ich gehe heute Abend aus mit Sarah" sagen? |
| Paul: Can one also say "Ich gehe heute Abend aus mit Sarah"? |
| Sarah: Nein, das ist falsch. Die Vorsilbe muss ganz am Ende stehen. |
| Sarah: No, that's incorrect. The prefix must be at the very end. |
| Frau Weber: Sehr gut, Sarah! |
| Frau Weber: Very good, Sarah! |
| CULTURAL INSIGHTS |
| Judith: Ok, so what is a German classroom like? |
| Chuck: Well, I don't know, I’ve never been much in a German classroom. |
| Judith: I'm just thinking that depending on your country of origin, the German classroom experience might be quite different to what you’re used to. |
| Chuck: The key point is that interaction is encouraged. Some people say the less the teacher speaks, the better. During the lesson, students are encouraged to explain things to each other, to group work and to exchange ideas with their partners. |
| Judith: Just when the teacher says so, however. You should not be talking to your partner during class if the teacher hasn’t announced a session of partner work. |
| Chuck: I hear the same goes for moving around the room. Modern teachers know that movement activate your brain cells, so they’ll try to include games or activities that make you move in the classroom, but it doesn’t mean you should move around when it’s not called for. That’d be kind of disruptive, wouldn’t it? |
| Judith: Yeah, that’s the idea. I mean you get to move around more than in other countries, but it’s not to move whenever you want. Taking notes is good, but it’s really not like the teacher talks and the students take notes. It’s a conversation or a discussion really. |
| Chuck: Also, expect to get homework. At regular German school, subjects don’t recur every day, so you have more time to do homework. School also doesn’t last as long in the afternoon, so that’s good too. Pretty much all these guidelines are same for, say, elementary, high school and university? |
| Judith: Yeah, definitely. |
| Chuck: Ok, good to know. |
| Chuck: Let`s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Chuck: First word we shall see is. |
| Judith: [Satz] |
| Chuck: Sentence. |
| Judith: [Satz, Satz, der Satz] and the plural is [Sätze]. |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Bau] |
| Chuck: Construction. |
| Judith: [Bau, Bau, der Bau] and the plural is [Bauten]. |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Möglich] |
| Chuck: Possible. |
| Judith: [Möglich, möglich] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Wahr] |
| Chuck: True. |
| Judith: [Wahr, wahr] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Folgen] |
| Chuck: To follow. |
| Judith: [Folgen, folgen] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Trennen] |
| Chuck: To separate. |
| Judith: [Trennen, trennen] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [-bar] |
| Chuck: The prefix “able” or [able]. |
| Judith: [-bar, -bar] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Stamm] |
| Chuck: “Tribe” or “root”. |
| Judith: [Stamm, Stamm, der Stamm] and the plural is [Stämme]. |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Stelle] |
| Chuck: “Position” or “place”. |
| Judith: [Stelle, Stelle] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Vorsilbe] |
| Chuck: Prefix. |
| Judith: [Vorsilbe, Vorsilbe, die Vorsilbe] and the plural is [Vorsilben]. |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Ende] |
| Chuck: End. |
| Judith: [Ende, Ende, das Ende] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Endung] |
| Chuck: Ending. |
| Judith: [Endung, Endung, die Endung] and the plural is [Endungen]. |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Bleiben] |
| Chuck: To stay. |
| Judith: [Bleiben, bleiben] |
| Chuck: Next. |
| Judith: [Sich bewegen] |
| Chuck: To move. |
| Judith: [Sich bewegen, bewegen] |
| Chuck: Let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Judith: The first word we'll look at is [Satzbau]. |
| Chuck: Literally, “construction of a sentence”. |
| Judith: In German, it’s the equivalent of word order. When Germans talk about the order of words, they’re talking about how a sentence is constructed. Next, [Der Anfang]. |
| Chuck: The beginning. |
| Judith: It’s the noun based on [Anfangen]. |
| Chuck: To begin. |
| Judith: We also already saw [Der Anfänger]. |
| Chuck: Beginner. |
| Judith: So [Der Anfang]. |
| Chuck: The beginning. |
| Judith: [Anfangen] |
| Chuck: To begin. |
| Judith: [Der Anfänger] |
| Chuck: Beginner. |
| Judith: Ok, and finally [Trennbar]. |
| Chuck: Separable. |
| Judith: [Trennbar] is created based on the verb [Trennen]. |
| Chuck: To separate. |
| Judith: And the suffix [-bar]. And the suffix [-bar] is roughly equivalent to the English suffix [inaudible 00:06:54]. So [Trennbar] is separable. [Trinkbar] |
| Chuck: Drinkable. |
| Judith: [Essbar] |
| Chuck: Eatable. |
| Judith: [Hörbar] |
| Chuck: Audible. |
| Judith: And so on. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Chuck: The focus of this lesson is German grammar terms. |
| Judith: Imagine you’re coming to Germany to study German. You have studied GermanPod101 so you’re assigned to an intermediate or even an advanced class. |
| Chuck: Fortunately this means that lessons will be completely in German, but that also includes grammar explanations. Let’s look at some really common grammatical terms that you have to know in German. Subject. |
| Judith: [Subjekt] |
| Chuck: Object. |
| Judith: [Objekt] |
| Chuck: So far, so good. German usually uses the same Latin-based terms as English. However, for many grammatical terms there are two terms in German, one Latin-based and one German-based. |
| Judith: The idea is that the German-based word is more immediately understandable to common people. For example, an adjective can be called [Adjektiv] or [Eigenschaftswort]. |
| Chuck: Property word. |
| Judith: The meaning is the same. |
| Chuck: So adjective. |
| Judith: [Adjektiv] or [Eigenschaftswort]. |
| Chuck: Adverb. |
| Judith: [Adverb] or [Umstandswort]. |
| Chuck: Circumstance word. |
| Judith: [Verb] or [Tätigkeitswort]. |
| Chuck: Activity word, noun. |
| Judith: [Nomen] or [Substantiv]. |
| Chuck: Pronoun. |
| Judith: [Pronomen] or [Fürwort]. |
| Chuck: Fürwort prefix. |
| Judith: “Präfix” or “Vorsilbe”. |
| Chuck: before syllable. |
Outro |
| Chuck: That just about does it for today. |
| Chuck: That just about does it for today. Not enough time. |
| Judith: You’re very busy. |
| Chuck: We know. And that’s why we have one click lesson downloads on iTunes. |
| Judith: Subscribe on iTunes . |
| Chuck: All of the materials will be automatically downloaded for each new lesson as they become available. |
| Judith: Basic and premium members get all access to bonus lesson materials, too. |
| Chuck: Save time, spend more time studying. |
| Judith: Never worry about missing another lesson again. |
| Chuck: Go to iTunes, search with the phrase GermanPod101.com and click Subscribe. So, see you next time. |
| Judith: Also, bis nächstes Mal. |
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