Learn German past participles and how to use them correctly
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Chuck: Chuck here, intermediate series season 3, lesson two. Talking about German lunches is never a waste of time. Hello and welcome to German pod 101.com, the fastest, easiest most fun way to learn German. |
| Judith: I'm Judith and thanks again for being here with us for this intermediate series season 3 lesson. |
| Chuck: In this lesson you learn how to talk about food at an intermediate level. |
| Judith: This conversation takes place at the cafeteria of a large German company. |
| Chuck: The conversation is between Mr. Jones and Mrs. Bayer, two coworkers, the speakers only met each other today. Therefore they will be speaking formal German. Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Bayer: Da sind wir. Das ist die Kantine. Also, zuerst nehmen Sie hier ein Tablett mit Besteck und wählen ein Essen aus und dann zahlen Sie dort hinten an der Kasse. Hier vorne gibt es kalte Gerichte wie gemischte Salate und belegte Brötchen. |
| Jones: Hmm. Ich möchte lieber etwas Warmes. |
| Bayer: Kein Problem. Das gibt es dort drüben. |
| Bayer: Heute können Sie zwischen Spaghetti Bolognese, gefüllten Paprika mit Reis und Soße, paniertem Schnitzel mit Pommes und vegetarischer Lasagne wählen. |
| Jones: Hmm. Ich denke, ich nehme eine gefüllte Paprika mit Reis. Und wo gibt es Getränke? |
| Bayer: Dort drüben vor den Kassen. |
| Bayer: Die Auswahl an Getränken ist groß. Es gibt Wasser, Tee, Kaffee, Limonade, Apfelsaft und sogar frisch gepressten Orangensaft. |
| Jones: Oh, dann nehme ich einen Orangensaft! |
| - |
| Bayer: Guten Appetit! |
| Jones: Danke, gleichfalls. |
| Bayer: Wie schmeckt Ihnen Ihr Essen? |
| Jones: Sehr lecker! Und wie ist Ihr Schnitzel? |
| Bayer: Auch sehr gut. |
| - |
| Bayer: Oh, unsere Pause ist fast vorbei. Gehen wir wieder ins Büro? |
| Jones: Okay. Und wo kommt das benutzte Geschirr hin? |
| Bayer: Die Tabletts können wir am Ausgang zurückgeben. |
| Jones: Ach so. …… Danke, dass Sie mir alles zeigen. |
| Bayer: Kein Problem. Das mache ich gerne. |
| Judith: Now read slowly. |
| Bayer: Da sind wir. Das ist die Kantine. Also, zuerst nehmen Sie hier ein Tablett mit Besteck und wählen ein Essen aus und dann zahlen Sie dort hinten an der Kasse. Hier vorne gibt es kalte Gerichte wie gemischte Salate und belegte Brötchen. |
| Jones: Hmm. Ich möchte lieber etwas Warmes. |
| Bayer: Kein Problem. Das gibt es dort drüben. |
| Bayer: Heute können Sie zwischen Spaghetti Bolognese, gefüllten Paprika mit Reis und Soße, paniertem Schnitzel mit Pommes und vegetarischer Lasagne wählen. |
| Jones: Hmm. Ich denke, ich nehme eine gefüllte Paprika mit Reis. Und wo gibt es Getränke? |
| Bayer: Dort drüben vor den Kassen. |
| Bayer: Die Auswahl an Getränken ist groß. Es gibt Wasser, Tee, Kaffee, Limonade, Apfelsaft und sogar frisch gepressten Orangensaft. |
| Jones: Oh, dann nehme ich einen Orangensaft! |
| - |
| Bayer: Guten Appetit! |
| Jones: Danke, gleichfalls. |
| Bayer: Wie schmeckt Ihnen Ihr Essen? |
| Jones: Sehr lecker! Und wie ist Ihr Schnitzel? |
| Bayer: Auch sehr gut. |
| - |
| Bayer: Oh, unsere Pause ist fast vorbei. Gehen wir wieder ins Büro? |
| Jones: Okay. Und wo kommt das benutzte Geschirr hin? |
| Bayer: Die Tabletts können wir am Ausgang zurückgeben. |
| Jones: Ach so. …… Danke, dass Sie mir alles zeigen. |
| Bayer: Kein Problem. Das mache ich gerne. |
| Judith: Now with the translation. |
| Bayer: Da sind wir. Das ist die Kantine. Also, zuerst nehmen Sie hier ein Tablett mit Besteck und wählen ein Essen aus und dann zahlen Sie dort hinten an der Kasse. Hier vorne gibt es kalte Gerichte wie gemischte Salate und belegte Brötchen. |
| Bayer: There we are. This is the cafeteria. So, first you take a tray with silverware here and select a dish and then you pay over there in the back at the cashier. Here in front there are cold dishes like mixed salads and sandwiches (= garnished rolls). |
| Jones: Hmm. Ich möchte lieber etwas Warmes. |
| Jones: Hmm. I would prefer something warm. |
| Bayer: Kein Problem. Das gibt es dort drüben. |
| Bayer: No problem. That is available over there. |
| Bayer: Heute können Sie zwischen Spaghetti Bolognese, gefüllten Paprika mit Reis und Soße, paniertem Schnitzel mit Pommes und vegetarischer Lasagne wählen. |
| Bayer: Today you can choose between spaghetti bolognese, stuffed peppers with rice and sauce, breaded schnitzel with fries and vegetarian lasagne. |
| Jones: Hmm. Ich denke, ich nehme eine gefüllte Paprika mit Reis. Und wo gibt es Getränke? |
| Jones: Hmm. I think I will take a stuffed pepper with rice. And where are the drinks? |
| Bayer: Dort drüben vor den Kassen. |
| Bayer: Over there in front of the cashiers. |
| Bayer: Die Auswahl an Getränken ist groß. Es gibt Wasser, Tee, Kaffee, Limonade, Apfelsaft und sogar frisch gepressten Orangensaft. |
| Bayer: There is a big selection of beverages. There is water, tea, coffee, lemonade, apple juice and even freshly squeezed orange juice. |
| Jones: Oh, dann nehme ich einen Orangensaft! |
| Jones: Oh, in that case I'll take an orange juice! |
| - |
| Bayer: Guten Appetit! |
| Bayer: Enjoy your meal! |
| Jones: Danke, gleichfalls. |
| Jones: Thanks, same to you. |
| Bayer: Wie schmeckt Ihnen Ihr Essen? |
| Bayer: How do you like your food? |
| Jones: Sehr lecker! Und wie ist Ihr Schnitzel? |
| Jones: It's very yummy! And how is your schnitzel? |
| Bayer: Auch sehr gut. |
| Bayer: It's also very good. |
| - |
| Bayer: Oh, unsere Pause ist fast vorbei. Gehen wir wieder ins Büro? |
| Bayer: Oh, our break is almost over. Shall we go back to the office? |
| Jones: Okay. Und wo kommt das benutzte Geschirr hin? |
| Jones: Okay. And where do the used dishes go? |
| Bayer: Die Tabletts können wir am Ausgang zurückgeben. |
| Bayer: We can return the trays at the exit. |
| Jones: Ach so. …… Danke, dass Sie mir alles zeigen. |
| Jones: Ah. ... Thanks for showing me everything. |
| Bayer: Kein Problem. Das mache ich gerne. |
| Bayer: No problem. It's my pleasure to do so. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Judith: All right, so how about we talk about German lunch? |
| Chuck: Sounds Good. In Germany lunch is the biggest meal of the day. |
| Judith: Yes, dinner is typically not much at all, many German families only have warm food for lunch. Breakfast and dinner usually are sandwiches or maybe fruit or muesli or the like. |
| Chuck: It will take a while to get used to once you're over here because I remember when I first came I would eat very little for lunch and then be quite hungry after dinner. |
| Judith: Also if you come from a southern country especially, you should know that lunch is often just one dish which contains meat staple and vegetables but it's not like you first get a salad and then a soup and then main dish and then possibly a second dish and then … you have to ignore this otherwise you will eat too little. |
| Chuck: Dessert's common too but many families would only have an appetizer, soup or salad before the main meal at restaurants. |
| Judith: yes, at restaurants people will do that. And for eating, Germans commonly drink water, [Apfelschorle] that is apple juice mixed with mineral water or also juice. Soda is more common with young people and beer and wine are typically kept for later meals unless you're in the south where beer is an acceptable beverage any time of the day. |
| Chuck: Also note that if you ask for water, you'll typically get it with carbonation which might not be what you want. You have to specify that you want it without carbonation if that's the way you like it. |
| Judith: Yes. |
| Chuck: Also be aware that if you ask for lemonade, you'll most likely get Sprite as the American lemonade isn't really sold here. |
| Judith: Yeah, actually, a German lemonade best translates to soda, it can't be Coca Cola but anything lemony or orangy kind of thing. |
| Chuck: It any case it will be something with carbonation. |
| Judith: Yes. And don't forget that before starting to eat, you mush wish everybody a [Guten Appetit]. |
| Chuck: And also note that very few Germans will start their meal with a prayer. Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Judith: The first word [Tablett] |
| Chuck: Tray |
| Judith: [Tablett, Tablett, das Tablett] next, [Besteck] |
| Chuck: Cutlery or silverware. |
| Judith: [Besteck, Besteck, das Besteck] and it's always singular, next. [Wählen] |
| Chuck: To choose or to vote. |
| Judith: [Wählen, wählen] this is a weak verb, next [Gericht] |
| Chuck: Dish or court. |
| Judith: [Gericht, Gericht, das Gericht, plural, die Gerichte] next, [Mischen] |
| Chuck: To mix or shuffle. |
| Judith: [Mischen, mischen] also a weaker verb, in fact all of the verbs in this lesson are weak, next [Belegen] |
| Chuck: To top, put toppings on or to source. |
| Judith: [Belegen, belegen] next [Füllen] |
| Chuck: To fill or stuff. |
| Judith: [Füllen, füllen] next [Panieren] |
| Chuck: To bread or crumb. |
| Judith: [Panieren, panieren] next [Pommes] |
| Chuck: Fries or British chips. |
| Judith: [Pommes, Pommes] this is always plural, next [Auswahl] |
| Chuck: Selection. |
| Judith: [Auswahl, Auswahl, die Auswahl] next [Getränk] |
| Chuck: Beverage or drink. |
| Judith: [Getränk, Getränk, das Getränk] and the plural is [Getränke] next [Pressen] |
| Chuck: To press or squeeze. |
| Judith: [Pressen, pressen] next [Gleichfalls] |
| Chuck: Same to you. |
| Judith: [Gleichfalls, gleichfalls] next [Geschirr] |
| Chuck: Dishes or dinnerware. |
| Judith: [Geschirr, Geschirr, das Geschirr] and it's always singular. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Chuck: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Judith: First we shall look at [Gleichfalls] this is what you can say when somebody has wished you good luck or good trip or good appetite or anything that you want to wish him as well. This way you don't need to repeat the wish. |
| Chuck: Doesn't quite work with Happy Birthday though does it? |
| Judith: Well the thing is that you wouldn't have very birthday at the same time, if it was then you might be able to say [Gleichfalls]. Normally it's reserved for situations like when you're sitting at a table with four people and you're all ready and it would sound tedious if everybody said [Guten Appetit, Guten Appetit, Guten Appetit] at some point you say [Danke, gleichfalls]. |
| Chuck: All right, what's the next point? |
| Judith: In the dialogue we had the question [Wie schmeckt Ihnen das Essen] literally, how does the food taste to you and actually it's better translated as how do you like your food? Because it's just a phrasing that we use in German [Wie schmeckt Ihnen das Essen?]. |
| Chuck: And you'll often hear this at restaurants from the waiter right? |
| Judith: Sometimes, the waiters do not talk to you you as much as in the states. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Chuck: Right, all right, let's talk about grammar. The focus this lesson is the past participle part one. Participles are forms of verbs, they can be used like adjectives or adverbs, in English an example of such a participle could be wasted and the sentence. I don't mind the wasted time. This sentence clearly shows that the verb waste has been turned into something resembling an adjective and the meaning is passive, the time isn't wasting something, somebody else has wasted the time. |
| Judith: In German this past participle is normally formed by adding a Ge, that is GE before the third person singular. Of course present tense, for example [Sagen] you think of [Er sagt] so the participle is [Gesagt]. |
| Chuck: Said. |
| Judith: Or [Wagen, Er wagt, gewagt]. |
| Chuck: Risked. |
| Judith: [Leben, Er lebt, gelebt]. |
| Chuck: Lived. There are also irregular forms so watch out. One peculiarity though is for verbs with prefixes, if the verb has a prefix that would normally split off, the rule is that the past participle consists of first the prefix and then the GE, Ge and the rest of the participle as we've already see. So the GE actually winds up in the middle of the word, some examples. |
| Judith: [Ansagen, Er sagt an, angesagt]. |
| Chuck: Announced. |
| Judith: [Ankommen, Er kommt an, angekommen]. |
| Chuck: Arrived. |
| Judith: Finally, if the verb has a prefix that does not split off, then the GE will be dropped entirely. This makes it a bit hard to spot the participles, but in exchange you don't have to worry about where the GE will go. For example [Überleben, Er überlebt, überlebt]. |
| Chuck: Survived. |
| Judith: [Beachten, Er beachtet, beachtet] |
| Chuck: Caught attention. |
| Judith: [Benachteiligen, Er benachteiligt, benachteiligt]. |
| Chuck: Disadvantaged. |
| Judith: We will learn more about past participles in the next lesson. |
Outro |
| Chuck: Well, we'll see you survive that, and that just about does it for today. Before we go, we want to tell you about a way to drastically improve your pronunciation. |
| Judith: The voice recording tool. |
| Chuck: Yes, the voice recording tool in the premium learning center. |
| Judith: Record your voice with the click of a button. |
| Chuck: Then play it back just as easily. |
| Judith: So you record your voice and then you listen to it. |
| Chuck: Compare it to the native speakers. |
| Judith: and adjust your pronunciation. |
| Chuck: This will help you improve your pronunciation fast. See you next week. |
| Judith: [Bis nächste Woche]. |
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